Oggi vi propongo tre soluzioni di reset css, tra le più famose e usate, per rendere uniforme il vostro progetto su tutti i browser
Quando si crea un progetto per il web una delle prime necessità è sicuramente quella di rendere uniforme e omogeneo il sito in modo che si visualizzi allo stesso modo su tutti i browser. Purtroppo però ogni browser parte con alcune proprietà “preimpostate” che vanno azzerate (da cui la dicitura “css reset“) per una corretta visualizzazione. Le proprietà da resettare di solito sono essenzialmente il margin e il padding, ma esistono tutta una serie di accorgimenti essenziali da tenere.
Un reset estremamente basilare, che non tiene conto dei nuovi tag HTML5, può essere questo:
* {
vertical-align: baseline;
font-weight: inherit;
font-family: inherit;
font-style: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
border: 0 none;
outline: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
Con l’asterisco si intende di applicare quelle regole a tutti gli elementi. Ovviamente usare un reset di questo tipo per una produzione commerciale sarebbe una pazzia, in quanto:
- Non tiene conto dei nuovi tag HTML5
- E’ troppo embrionale e non integra alcune proprietà essenziali da resettare.
Di seguito troverete una lista dei migliori tool di CSS RESET completi e adatti a tutti i progetti.
01. Eric Meyer’s “Reset CSS” 2.0
Sicuramente il più famoso e “anziano”, è un reset completo e funzionale.
/**
* Eric Meyer's Reset CSS v2.0 (http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/)
* http://cssreset.com
*/
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
b, u, i, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, embed,
figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup,
menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
font-size: 100%;
font: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
/* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section {
display: block;
}
body {
line-height: 1;
}
ol, ul {
list-style: none;
}
blockquote, q {
quotes: none;
}
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after {
content: '';
content: none;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
02. Yahoo! (YUI 3) Reset CSS
Il reset css sviluppato da Yahoo e diretto concorrente del primo.
/**
* YUI 3.5.0 - reset.css (http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/3/cssreset/)
* http://cssreset.com
* Copyright 2012 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved.
* http://yuilibrary.com/license/
*/
/*
TODO will need to remove settings on HTML since we can't namespace it.
TODO with the prefix, should I group by selector or property for weight savings?
*/
html{
color:#000;
background:#FFF;
}
/*
TODO remove settings on BODY since we can't namespace it.
*/
/*
TODO test putting a class on HEAD.
- Fails on FF.
*/
body,
div,
dl,
dt,
dd,
ul,
ol,
li,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6,
pre,
code,
form,
fieldset,
legend,
input,
textarea,
p,
blockquote,
th,
td {
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
table {
border-collapse:collapse;
border-spacing:0;
}
fieldset,
img {
border:0;
}
/*
TODO think about hanlding inheritence differently, maybe letting IE6 fail a bit...
*/
address,
caption,
cite,
code,
dfn,
em,
strong,
th,
var {
font-style:normal;
font-weight:normal;
}
ol,
ul {
list-style:none;
}
caption,
th {
text-align:left;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
font-size:100%;
font-weight:normal;
}
q:before,
q:after {
content:'';
}
abbr,
acronym {
border:0;
font-variant:normal;
}
/* to preserve line-height and selector appearance */
sup {
vertical-align:text-top;
}
sub {
vertical-align:text-bottom;
}
input,
textarea,
select {
font-family:inherit;
font-size:inherit;
font-weight:inherit;
}
/*to enable resizing for IE*/
input,
textarea,
select {
*font-size:100%;
}
/*because legend doesn't inherit in IE */
legend {
color:#000;
}
/* YUI CSS Detection Stamp */
#yui3-css-stamp.cssreset { display: none; }
03. Normalize.css 1.0
Un reset poco invasivo ma completo, sicuramente da provare se gli altri vi dovessero dare dei problemi.
/*! normalize.css v1.0.0 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */
/* ==========================================================================
HTML5 display definitions
========================================================================== */
/*
* Corrects `block` display not defined in IE 6/7/8/9 and Firefox 3.
*/
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
nav,
section,
summary {
display: block;
}
/*
* Corrects `inline-block` display not defined in IE 6/7/8/9 and Firefox 3.
*/
audio,
canvas,
video {
display: inline-block;
*display: inline;
*zoom: 1;
}
/*
* Prevents modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
* Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
*/
audio:not([controls]) {
display: none;
height: 0;
}
/*
* Addresses styling for `hidden` attribute not present in IE 7/8/9, Firefox 3,
* and Safari 4.
* Known issue: no IE 6 support.
*/
[hidden] {
display: none;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Base
========================================================================== */
/*
* 1. Corrects text resizing oddly in IE 6/7 when body `font-size` is set using
* `em` units.
* 2. Prevents iOS text size adjust after orientation change, without disabling
* user zoom.
*/
html {
font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}
/*
* Addresses `font-family` inconsistency between `textarea` and other form
* elements.
*/
html,
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
font-family: sans-serif;
}
/*
* Addresses margins handled incorrectly in IE 6/7.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Links
========================================================================== */
/*
* Addresses `outline` inconsistency between Chrome and other browsers.
*/
a:focus {
outline: thin dotted;
}
/*
* Improves readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers.
*/
a:active,
a:hover {
outline: 0;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Typography
========================================================================== */
/*
* Addresses font sizes and margins set differently in IE 6/7.
* Addresses font sizes within `section` and `article` in Firefox 4+, Safari 5,
* and Chrome.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
h2 {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin: 0.83em 0;
}
h3 {
font-size: 1.17em;
margin: 1em 0;
}
h4 {
font-size: 1em;
margin: 1.33em 0;
}
h5 {
font-size: 0.83em;
margin: 1.67em 0;
}
h6 {
font-size: 0.75em;
margin: 2.33em 0;
}
/*
* Addresses styling not present in IE 7/8/9, Safari 5, and Chrome.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}
/*
* Addresses style set to `bolder` in Firefox 3+, Safari 4/5, and Chrome.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
blockquote {
margin: 1em 40px;
}
/*
* Addresses styling not present in Safari 5 and Chrome.
*/
dfn {
font-style: italic;
}
/*
* Addresses styling not present in IE 6/7/8/9.
*/
mark {
background: #ff0;
color: #000;
}
/*
* Addresses margins set differently in IE 6/7.
*/
p,
pre {
margin: 1em 0;
}
/*
* Corrects font family set oddly in IE 6, Safari 4/5, and Chrome.
*/
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
font-family: monospace, serif;
_font-family: 'courier new', monospace;
font-size: 1em;
}
/*
* Improves readability of pre-formatted text in all browsers.
*/
pre {
white-space: pre;
white-space: pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
/*
* Addresses CSS quotes not supported in IE 6/7.
*/
q {
quotes: none;
}
/*
* Addresses `quotes` property not supported in Safari 4.
*/
q:before,
q:after {
content: '';
content: none;
}
small {
font-size: 75%;
}
/*
* Prevents `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Lists
========================================================================== */
/*
* Addresses margins set differently in IE 6/7.
*/
dl,
menu,
ol,
ul {
margin: 1em 0;
}
dd {
margin: 0 0 0 40px;
}
/*
* Addresses paddings set differently in IE 6/7.
*/
menu,
ol,
ul {
padding: 0 0 0 40px;
}
/*
* Corrects list images handled incorrectly in IE 7.
*/
nav ul,
nav ol {
list-style: none;
list-style-image: none;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Embedded content
========================================================================== */
/*
* 1. Removes border when inside `a` element in IE 6/7/8/9 and Firefox 3.
* 2. Improves image quality when scaled in IE 7.
*/
img {
border: 0; /* 1 */
-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; /* 2 */
}
/*
* Corrects overflow displayed oddly in IE 9.
*/
svg:not(:root) {
overflow: hidden;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Figures
========================================================================== */
/*
* Addresses margin not present in IE 6/7/8/9, Safari 5, and Opera 11.
*/
figure {
margin: 0;
}
/* ==========================================================================
Forms
========================================================================== */
/*
* Corrects margin displayed oddly in IE 6/7.
*/
form {
margin: 0;
}
/*
* Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
*/
fieldset {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
/*
* 1. Corrects color not being inherited in IE 6/7/8/9.
* 2. Corrects text not wrapping in Firefox 3.
* 3. Corrects alignment displayed oddly in IE 6/7.
*/
legend {
border: 0; /* 1 */
padding: 0;
white-space: normal; /* 2 */
*margin-left: -7px; /* 3 */
}
/*
* 1. Corrects font size not being inherited in all browsers.
* 2. Addresses margins set differently in IE 6/7, Firefox 3+, Safari 5,
* and Chrome.
* 3. Improves appearance and consistency in all browsers.
*/
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
margin: 0; /* 2 */
vertical-align: baseline; /* 3 */
*vertical-align: middle; /* 3 */
}
/*
* Addresses Firefox 3+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
* the UA stylesheet.
*/
button,
input {
line-height: normal;
}
/*
* 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
* and `video` controls.
* 2. Corrects inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
* 3. Improves usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
* `input` and others.
* 4. Removes inner spacing in IE 7 without affecting normal text inputs.
* Known issue: inner spacing remains in IE 6.
*/
button,
html input[type="button"], /* 1 */
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
cursor: pointer; /* 3 */
*overflow: visible; /* 4 */
}
/*
* Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
*/
button[disabled],
input[disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
/*
* 1. Addresses box sizing set to content-box in IE 8/9.
* 2. Removes excess padding in IE 8/9.
* 3. Removes excess padding in IE 7.
* Known issue: excess padding remains in IE 6.
*/
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
*height: 13px; /* 3 */
*width: 13px; /* 3 */
}
/*
* 1. Addresses `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari 5 and Chrome.
* 2. Addresses `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari 5 and Chrome
* (include `-moz` to future-proof).
*/
input[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */
box-sizing: content-box;
}
/*
* Removes inner padding and search cancel button in Safari 5 and Chrome
* on OS X.
*/
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/*
* Removes inner padding and border in Firefox 3+.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/*
* 1. Removes default vertical scrollbar in IE 6/7/8/9.
* 2. Improves readability and alignment in all browsers.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto; /* 1 */
vertical-align: top; /* 2 */
}
/* ==========================================================================
Tables
========================================================================== */
/*
* Remove most spacing between table cells.
*/
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
Conclusioni
NOTA BENE: Framework (responsive o no) come Bootstrap e Foundation integrano già al loro interno le informazioni essenziali di reset CSS, pertanto in questi casi non sono da re-inserire ulteriormente.
Spero che questo articolo vi sia utile, sopratutto perchè integra e riassume velocemente alcuni tra i principali tool di reset. Conosci altri tool di reset utili? Scrivi nei commenti!
